chalfant



No. 6|4.3l9. Patented Nov. I5, I898. J. n. CHALFANT.

MACHINE FORv JUSTIFYING TYPE. (Afiplication filed Jan. 3, 1896.) (No Model.) l5 Sheets-Sheet l.

Attorney.

N0. 6l4,3|9 I Patented NOV. l5, I398.

J. D. CHALFANT. MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Applicatinn filed Jan. 3, 1896.) {N u M o d el I5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Witnesses.

Attorney.

we NORRIS van-as cov PHQYO-LITHO museum. 0. r.

No. 6|4,3l9. Patented Nov. [5, I898.

J. D. CHALFANT.

MACHINE FOB JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 1896.) (No Model.) l5 Sheds-Sheet 3.

Inventor.

Witnesses.

m: NGRRF' pains m, PNOTO-LH'HQ. wasnmmcn. n. c

(Applicatibn filed Jan. 3, 1896.)

I5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Modl.)

Inventor.

VVitnesse-s.

EARN

7@%VAW4 Atto rn ey.

No. 6l4,3l9. Patented Nov. I5, I898.

J. n. CHALFANT.

MACHINE FOB JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Appli'catian filed Jan. 3, 1898.) (No Model.)

l5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

Witnesses.

Inventor.

Attorney.

THE norms PUERS cu, PHOYO-LITHCL. WASNINGYON, 'u. c.

No. 6|4,3l9. Patented-Nov. l5, I898. J. D. CHALFANT.

MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 1896.) (No Model.) I5 Sheets-Sheet 8.

Witnesses. Inventor.

Attorney.

Yul: mam pawns cu. 'HOTO-LiTrflL WASWNGTGN. o c

N0. 6|4,3I9. Patented Nov. l5, I898. J. D. CHALFANT.

MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPE.

I (Application'filenihln. 3, 1896.\ (m, Modal.) l5 S,heet s-Sheet-7 Witnesses.

Inventor.

Attorney.

THE Noam: PETERS co, PHOTO-LIYHC,WASHINGTON, u c.

N0. 6l4,3l9. Patented Nov. l5, I898. J. n. CHALFANT.

MACHINE FOB JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 1896.) (No Model.) l5 Sheets-Sheet 8.

Inventor.

Attorney.

THE Noam. FZYL'NS r0. PHOTD-LITNQ. \VASHINGTON, n c.

N0. 6l4,3l9. Patented Nov. l5, I898. J. D. CHALFANT.

MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 1896.) (No Model.) l5 Sheets-sheaf 9.

V I --|mm||||m l zl 15 1 101 I 5 /fl119 W N A 2 /1 110 R* n" Rx J15j96 (B 97 10 E 5 5 5990 1 g g-a2 72"- 48B 77 I I 91? o r 7; 19 {6 (39 j 6 x 95 Witnesses Inventor.

Attorney.

THE Nor-ms Prrzas co FNDYO-LITHO WASNINGYON. o. c.

Patented Nov. l5, i898.

J. D. CHALFANT. MACHINE FOR JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 1896.)

!5 Sheets-Sheet 10.

(No Model.)

Inventor.

Attorney.

No. 6l4,3l9. Patented Nov. l5, I898.

J. D. CHALFANT. MACHINE FOB JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 1898.)

I5 Sheets-Sheet II.

(No Model.)

wall 7 em ssssss Witnesses.

Inventor.

Attornev.

Patente d Nov.' :5,- I898.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 1896.) (No Model.) 'l5 Sheets-Sheet l2.

km mm Inventor.

Attorney.

N0. 6|4,3l9. Patented Nov. l5, I898.

J. D. CHALFANT.

MACHI N E FDR 'JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Application filed-Jan. 3, 1896.)

(No Model.)

Witnesses.

Attorney.

No. 6|4.3l9. Patented Nov. [5, I898. J. D. CHALFANT;

MACHINEFOR JUSTIFYING TYPE.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 1896.)

I5 Sheets-Sheet l4.

(No Model.)

'UIIIIIIAIIIIIIIIIII;

Ill/Ill Inventor.

Witnesses.

u Attorney.

U ITED STATESv PATENT Erich.

JEFFERSON D. oI-I L NT, wILMINeToN, DELAWARE, ASSIGNOR or SEVEN-SIXTEENTHS TO l-IAINES WOODRUFF SULLIVAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

lVlACl-llNE FOR JUSTIFYING TYP E.

SPECIFICATION forming at of Letters Patent No. 614,319, dated. member 15, 1858.

' Application filed January 3, 1896. Serial No. 574,250. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JEFFERSON D. CHAL- FANT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Wilmington, in the county of New Castle and State of Delaware, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for J ustifying Type, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification.

This invention relates to type-setting Inachines, having reference more especially to justifying mechanism thereforthat is to say, to means for automatically spacing composed lines of type to a given length.

The leading features of myinvent-ion comprehend, first, a novel construction of typecarrier in which the words in type are composed through the medium of an appropriate selecting mechanism and of means for reciprocating said carrier to effect its periodical traverse between said mechanism and a suitable galley into which the successively-composed lines of type are transferred; secondly, a novel construction of dividers or spacers and of means for projecting them between the words as the latter are successively set up in the carrier, so as to effect the initial or primary spacing of the words; thirdly, means for actuating said dividers or spacers to effect the final spacing of the type; fourthly, means for clamping the adjacent words of type pre paratory to the removal individually of the interposed dividers or spacers; fifthly, means for removing the dividers or spacers successively; sixthly, novel permanent space containing, selecting, and actuating mechanism for effecting the introduction of an appropriate permanent space to each space between the adjacent words of type; seventhly, means for successively transferring the justified lines of type from the carriers to the galley, and, finally, various novel features of construction and organization of parts whereby advantages are gained, as will be hereinafter particularly described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of the machine. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the left-hand end thereof. Figs. 3 and 3,

taken together, represent a longitudinal ver- 50 tical section through the, machine on a plane in the rear of the front wall. Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the permanent-spacecontaining frame. Fig. 4 is a sectional detail of the device for feeding the type to the carrier. Fig. 5 is a transverse horizontal section, as on the line a a of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a similar section, as on the line a a of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section, as on the line b b of Fig. 3. Fig. '7 is a longitudinal vertical section, as on the line 0 c of Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical section, as on the line cl d of Fig. 3. Fig. 8 is a vertical section through one of the magazines of the permanent-spacecontaining frame. Fig. 9 is a transverse vertical section, as on the line e e of Fig. 3. Fig. 10 is a horizontal section, as on the line ff of Fig. 3. Fig. 11 is a separate view in perspective of a pusher-head hereinafter described. Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the permanent-space-containing frame, the gage-plate, and the actuating-slide. Fig. 13 is perspective View of the spacer-extractin g and clampcontrolling bar and its adjuncts. Fig. 14 is a horizontal section through the front wall of the casin g on a plane directly above the righthand carrier-controlling lever, showing a portion of the screw-shaft and its connections. Fig. 15 is a detailin plan of the carrier-advancing gear and the controlling-slide therefor. Fig. 16 is a section, as on the line 9 g of Fig. 15. Fig. 17is a sectional detail, as on the line it h of Fig. '7. Fig. 18 is a section, as on the line 'i 7;, Fig. 3. Fig. 19 is a section, as on the line jj of Fig. 20. Fig. 20 is a perspective View illustrating the construction of the inside of the front wall of the casing. Fig. 20 is a plan of the lower type-sustainin g bar at the mouth of the galley. Figs. 21 and 22 are vertical sections, as on the line 70 7c and Z Z, respectively, of Fig. 5. Fig. 23 is a perspective view in rear of the carrier. Figs. 24: and 25 are horizontal sections, as on the lines m m and n 12., respectively, of Fig. 23. Fig. 26 is a perspective view of one of the justifyingspacers. Fig. 27 is a similar View thereof, showing the wedge-section advanced, as on the justification of a line of type. Fig. 28 is a perspective of the spacer from the opposite side to that shown in Fig. 26. Fig. 29 is a section, as on the line 0 0 of Fig. 28. is a perspective view of the laterally-extend ing device of a spacer and the end of the arm to which said device is pivoted. Fig. 31 is a rear view of a series of contiguous spacers. Fig. 32 isaperspective view of a modification of justification-spacer with the pusher-head, as indicated, adjacent thereto. Fig. 33 is a similar view of said spacer as looking at the opposite side thereof. Fig. 34: is a view of the forward end of the spacer as expanded. Fig. 35 is a viewof the rear end thereof. Fig. 36 is a perspective view of the inner hinged section of said spacer. Fig. 37 is a similar view of another form of spacer. Fig. 38 is a plan thereof. Fig. 39 represents two of the last-named spacers as engaging adjoining type.

The numeral 1 designates a substantial frame or casing of appropriate shape and size for its intended purpose. Extending longitudinally of this frame is a shaft 2, which is geared with a main driving-shaft 3 by means of coactin g gears l 5, respectively. The shaft 2 is provided throughout the greater part of its length with a double screw-threaded portionthat is, it has a coarse right-hand thread 6 and a finer oppositely-cut thread 7 on and throughout the length of the coarse thread and also on the shaft beyond the ends of the coarse thread, with which threads a suitable type-carrier 8 is adapted alternately to engage and be thereby moved lengthwise of the shaft, as will hereinafter appear. In this carrier the individual type is set from a suitable selecting or distributing mechanism, the successive words of type being uniformly spaced as they are made up. They are then, while in the carrier, spaced out or justified to a prescribed length or column-meas ure, whereupon permanent spaces commensurate with the width of the spaces are interposed between the words preparatory to the introduction of the composed line to the galley.

The carrier comprises a bar 9, with upprojecting end posts 10, the face of the bar being provided with a ledge 11, which is adapted to receive and support the type, and one of the posts being provided with a spring-actuated slide 12, which is adapted to bear yieldingly against one end of the line of type, and thus press the opposite end thereof against the opposing face of the other end post in a manner to maintain the line of type in place 'during its transit and during its justification. In

The present instance the spring for actuating the slide comprises two U-shaped members 13, fitted to a recess in the end post, so as to act upon the slide. Mounted on the bar is a spring-actuated dog 14. This dog is con- Fig. 30

a spring which maintains the head normally retracted within yet permits it to be projected beyond the inner face of the bar. hen the dog is retracted and projected, it is respectively disengaged from and engaged with the coarse thread of the screw-shaft, as below explained. Suitablylocated on the inner face of each of the end posts is a transversely-mow able toothed section 16, which is supported by means of a flat spring 17 and is adapted to coact with the fine-threaded portion of the screw under conditions hereinafter stated. On the inner face of the bar is a row of indent-rations 18, which form, in effect, a rack which is engaged with and actuated bya gearwheel 88 at a certain stage of the operation. On this face at the leading end of the carrier is formed a beveled recess 19, which is adapted to engage and actuate a gear-controlling slide 83, as will presently appear. The carrier includes other features of construction, which will be duly referred to. This carrier travels in two longitudinal compartments or guideways 2O 21, which are separated by a floor 22. During its traverse from the typereceiving end of the machine to the opposite or galley end the carrier travels in the upper compartment, and during its return to the type-receiving end the carrier travels in the lower compartment, the floor or track being appropriately cut away at each end, so as to permit the requisite transference of the carrier from one compartment to the other.

Preparatory t0 the introduction of the type to the carrier the carrier is supported at the right-hand end of the machine, with the forward or leading end of the carrier directly below a chute or conduit 23, leading from the type-selectin g mechanism. At this stage the forward end of the bar rests upon the end of the floor, while the body of the bar rests upon a vertically-reciprocative transfer-plate 2i. This plate is supported upon a block 25,which is fitted to a guideway in the inner wall of the lower compartment. It is also connected with one end of a spring-bar 26, the other end of which bar is aflixed to the bottom of the casing in a manner to maintain the block, and, perforce, the plate, normally elevated. The plate in that case is on a level with the floor of the upper compartment and constitutes, in effect, a continuation thereof. By this construction, assuming the carrier to be in the lower compartment and the toothed sections thereon engaged with the screw, the carrier in its traverse toward the receiving end of the machine rides upon the spring 26, and in consequence the carrier, being held down by the opposing floor 22, depresses the spring and the plate 2%. Continuing its movement the carrier arrives upon the plate, whereupon the sections 16 are disengaged from the screw, so as to check the onward movement of the carrier. This being done, and the carrier being directly below the opening in the floor of the upper compartment, the spring, resuming its normal position, raises the plate and thereby transfers the carrier to the upper compartment. Fitted to a recess in the end wall of this com partment is an inwardly-projecting spring 27, which is pressed into the recess by the upwardly-moving carrier, to the end that when the carrier is on a level with the floor 22 the spring 27 will force the carrier slightly forward in position to receive the first type discharged from the chute or conduit. In this forward movement of the carrier by the spring 27 the forward end of the carrier will rest on the end of the floor 22, while the head of the dog 14 will be moved into a horizontal guide-channel 23, Fig. 20, in the front wall of the casing, as will farther on appear. discharging portion of the conduit is preferably, though not essentially, curved downward. On the fioor thereof runs an endless belt 29, which passes around a pulley 30 at the mouth of the chute and a pulley 31 at the upper or horizontal part of the chute. On the shaft of the pulley 30 is a spur-wheel 32, which gears with a pinion 330m an underlying shaft 34 on the main frame, said latter shaft being driven from the main shaft by means of a belt 35, passing around appropriate pulleys 36 37 on the shafts 3 34, respectively. Hence the belt 29 is driven in the direction indicated by the adjacent arrow in Fig. 3, so as to direct the type downward.

On the periphery of the pulley 30, at regular intervals apart, is a series of yielding fingers 38, which are constructed and arranged to engage each type preparatory to its delivery to the carrier and to maintain the type in a vertical position against a suitably-disposed backer-roller 39 and the outer wall of the conduit, as seen in Figs. 8 and 4, so as to insure the proper introduction of the type to the carrier. The belt is provided with openings 29 at intervals apart for the passage of the fingers. The fingers herein shown comprise each a strip of spring metal bent in the form of a rachet-tooth and fastened at one end to the pulley 30, the face of the latter being provided with an appropriate notch to permit the requisite radial movement of the projecting portion of the finger. The roller 39 is set in hearings in the sides of the main frame just forward of the mouth of the conduit, which roller is preferably provided with a peripheral tire 40 of rubber, so as to present a yielding surface to the type in the carrier and press them uniformly upon the ledge. In the wall of the main frame is mounted a stud 41, on which is fixed a cam-wheel 42, that is designed, during its rotation, to bear against the type and spacers as they are individually introduced to the carrier, and thereby to advance the carrier step by step; The stud is driven from the gear 33 by means of a coacting pinion 43 on the stud. The first type introduced to the carrier is supported laterally by the spring-actuated slide 12, above referred to. The next type bears against the first type, and so on successively until a word The has been completed. A spacer or divider 44 is then fed horizontally to the carrier against the last type of the word, the cam in its rotation impinging against said spacer or divider and correspondingly advancing the carrier. The type to form the neXt word are then introduced to the carrier. A spacer or divider is inserted, as before. The next word is then set up, and so on until the line has been completed. A fiat spring 45 on the in ner wall of the upper compartment bears against the carrier while the line is being set up, thus imparting sufficient friction to the carrier to prevent its being farther advanced in its successive steps than the width of the type or spacers may require. In this operation the words are spaced to the minimum space for the same purpose as the thin spaces are used in the manual operation of composing. hen the line has been set up-t1 6., as many words or syllables as can be put in a given linethe dog 14 in the carrier is engaged with the coarse thread of the screwshaft, and in consequence the carrier, with its'complement of type and spacers, is impelled by said shaft. The dog is moved into engagement with the screw by means of a suitably-disposed key 46 in the front wall 47 (preferably a hinged door) of the casing, which key carries on its shank a horizontal arm or extension 48, that lies in the channel 28, above alluded to, and takes against the head of the dog when the key is pressed inward by the operator. By means of the extension on the key the dog may be engaged with the screw at any time during the setting up of the type, as occasion may require.

When the carrier is impelled sufficiently by the screw to effect the escape of the dog from the arm 48, the head of the dog bears against the inner face of the wall 47 and is thereby maintained in engagement with the screw until the dog reaches a notch 49 in its path in the wall of the casing, whereupon the dog springs outward from the screw, so as to render the carrier quiescent. Extendinginto this notch is a key 50, by the inward movement of which the carrier-dog may be reengaged with the screw to effect the continued course of the carrier until it reaches the path of a horizontallyreciprocative pusher 51, hereinafter described. Connected with the key is one arm of a horizontally-arranged lever 52, that is fitted to and fulcrumed in a horizontal slot in the front wall of the casing, a suitably-disposed spring 53 tending to maintain the left arm of the lever normally inward and the other or key-bearing arm outward. The particular function of the lever will hereinafter be explained.

At a suitable point in the inner wall of the casing in the path of the dog is a horizontal groove or channel 54, to the end that when the dog reaches this point the dog, springing into the groove or channel, will be disengaged from the screw. At this stage the carrier will be at-rest in the path of the pusher re ferred to, whereupon the pusher will be advanced, so as to act upon the spacers in the carrier and effect the justification of the line of type set up in the carrier. This being done, the adjacent words of type are clamped in place, the spacers are successively withdrawn from the type, and permanent spaces Corresponding with the spaces formed between the words are substituted for the spacers, all as will be hereinafter described. When the spacers are withdrawn from the line of type, they (the spacers) are transferred to a rearwardly-disposed spacer-chamber 55, having therein an endless belt 56, which is driven from a pulley 57 on the main driving shaft and which belt carries the spacers thereon in position to be introduced to the type being set up in a succeeding carrier.

Having thus in a general way explained the function of the spacers, I shall, preparatory to a more detailed description of their modus opercmdz', describe the construction of a form of spacer which I consider to be efficient and desirable, reference being had more especially to Figs. 26 to 31, inclusive, of the drawings, as follows: 58 designates a plate, one side of which is beveled to constitute a wedge, and 50 60 a pair of hingedly-connected arms embracing the plate from its rear or thicker end, so that if the wedge be moved forwardly the arms will be spread apart thereby. The forward or free end of the arm 59 on the beveled side of the wedge is preferably'thickened, while a vertical bar 61 is hingedlyconnected thereto. On this bar is a forward extension 62, that lies against the face of the wedge, the inner face of such extension being beveled correspondingly with the wedge face, so that the outer face of the extension will be parallel with the plane side of the wedge irrespective of the forward position of the latter between the arms. In virtue of the hinged connection the extension will hug the face of the wedge in its movement, so as to insure the parallelism mentioned. The arm 60 is fitted to a longitudinal recess in the contiguous face of the wedge, so as to be flush with such face, while the other or beveled face of the wedge is provided at its point with upper and lower shoulders 63, whose rear end is provided with longitudinal tapering ribs 6 which constitute a continuation of the beveled face, while the other side of the wedge is provided with corresponding grooves 65, to the end that when the spacers are laterally adjacent to each other or side by side the ribs of one will register with the grooves of the other. Thus while the plate 58 constitutes a wedge from end to end there is permitted the introduction of the spacers on each side of the letter I or other narrow character in the line being set up in the carrier-that is to say, the laterally-adjacent spacers may be fitted into each other, as indicated in Fig. 31. There is also insured the close lateral contact of the spacers in the chamber 55 and their proper disposition by the belt 56 in respect to the usual keyboard pusher device 66 for transferring them successively to the type-carrier. As the spacers are carried on the belt toward the pusher 66 they are guided by contact with the rear wall of the casing and with a longitudinal division-wall 67 in the latter. (See Fig. 5.) hen the leading spaceris in the path of the pusher, it abuts against the end wall 68 of the casing, to the end that when the pusher is moved bodily forward by the action of an appropriate keyboard-lever or the like the spacer is forced forward, so as to enter the type-carrier adjacent to the end type of the word last i set up, as above described. A channel 69 to guide the spacer in its forward movement is formed by the end wall 68 of the casing and an end portion on the division-wall, a spring 70 on said latter wall tending to press the point of the spacer toward and against the wall 68 and thus to direct the point into the carrier laterally of the contained type in a manner to escape the otherwise opposing end of the last preceding spacer should a single letter or character, as I have been last inserted. It is the narrow parallel-faced end of the spacer that is introduced to the carrier at this juncture, the width of such face being that of the minimum word-space. As before explained, the spacers are introduced at the end of each word, (excepting the last, of course,) the carrier being advanced step by step. The spacers in their step-by-step movement and in their subsequent onward advance by the screw are guided and maintained in place by the front wall of the casing and a longitudinal division-wall 71 therein. As also previously mentioned, the carrier, preparatory to the justification or spacing of the type, comes to rest forwardly of a reciprocative pushing device 51, which will be presently described. This device thereupon advances against and presses the wedges 58 forward simultaneously, thus uniformly spreading the extensions (52 laterally and correspondingly moving or spacing the words of type in the carrier to effect the length of the line prescribed by the column or page to be printed. By the described construction of spacer the sides of the type between which the spacer is interposed are not subjected to undue wear by sliding contact of the wedge, but, on the other hand, the wear is minimized, in that the type are spaced by lateral pressure applied directly thereto in the line of movement or justification of the type in the carrier.

Although there is more than one way whereby the wed ge-sections of the spacers may be advanced, I shall describe a simple and efficient mechanism which I have devised for the purpose, having reference to Figs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 14 of the drawings. 72 designates a transversely-reciprocat-ive head suitably guided in the main frame. In the forward portion of this head is formed or arranged longitudinally of the machine a rectangular chambered section 51, the forward part and the left end of which are open. The length of the chamber is-equal to or greater than that of the longest line of type to be set up in the carrier, while the Width of the chamber is slightly greater than that of the hinged arms 59 60 of a spacer. This chambered section lies directly rearwardly of the spacers preparatory to the justification'of the type thereby, to the end that when said section--is advanced by the forward stroke of the head the top and bottom walls of the section impinge against the rear ends of the wedges and force the latter forward with the effect stated, said walls in their movement thus simply incasing the hinged arms of the respective spacers. This being done and the spacers having been Withdrawn and quads substituted therefor, as below described, the head is retracted in readiness for a similar operation upon the spacers in a succeeding line of type. The reciprocation of the head may be .effected in any appropriate manner. In the present instance the lower portion of the head is slotted longitudinally, the upper and lower edge of the slotted part being provided with gearteeth to constitute racks 73-74, respectively. Into the slot extends a driven pinion 75, that is constructed and arranged to be engaged with the racks alternately, and thereby to move the head forward or backward, as desired. The pinion-shaft 7 6 extends through a sleeve 77, having its bearingsin a rock-arm 78, which is loosely mounted on a plane portion of the screw-shat t 2. The sleeveis geared with and positively driven from the screwshaft by a train of wheels 79, the intermediate wheels of the train being supported on the rock-arm, to the end that the sleeve will be actuated irrespective of the angle or position of the arm in relation to the screw-shaft. On the outer end ofthe sleeve is a hollow head 80, while on the like end of the pinion-shaft is fixed a spring-plate 81, that bears against the inner face of the head in a manner to constitute a frictional connection therewith. Hence during the rotation of thesleeve the shaft and pinion are driven. Assuming the pusher-head 72 to be retracted and the pinion to be engaged with the lower rack, the head is in consequence moved forward to effect the action of the spacers, as above-stated. When the spacers have been moved far enough to space or fill out the type in the carrier, the forward movement of the pusher-head is resisted, in consequence of which the pinionshaft overcomcsits frictional connection with the sleeve and the latter runs idly. It will be obvious that this frictional or an equivalent conditional action of the means for advancin g the pusher-head is an important feature of the invention, as otherwise the justification of'the numerous varying lines of composed type could not be attained.

The free end of the rock-arm 78 is supported upon a suitably-arranged spring 82, which tends normally to raise this part of the arm and to maintain the pinion in engagement with the upper rack. Fitted to an appropriate guideway immediately above this arm is a transversely-reciprocative slide-bar 83, on the under side of which is a beveled tooth or projection 84:, that is adapted in the rearward movement to engage a corresponding tooth or projection 85 on the rock-arm, and thus depress the latter in a manner to effect the engagement of the pinion with the lower rack preparatory to the advancement of the pusher toward the spacers. This slidebar is normally pressed forward by means of a suitably-disposed spring 86, the forward end of the bar in that case projecting into the path of the carrier. The arrangement of the parts is such that before the carrier arrives in the path of the pusher-section and comes to rest therein, as hereinafter explained, the beveled recess 19 on the leading end of the carrier receives'the projectin g correspondin gly-beveled end of the slide-bar 83 and pushes the latter inward, thereby shifting the gearing to effect the forward movement of the pusher-head, as and for the purpose stated.

Upon the justification of the line of type by the spacers and preparatory to the clamping of the type, the withdrawal of the spacers, and the substitution of appropriate permanent spaces therefor the carrier is moved onward by appropriate mechanism, such as that which I shall now describe, as follows: Mounted on a vertical shaft 87, adjacent to the slidebar, is the gear 88, hereinbefore mentioned, a part of the periphery of which gear is plane or untoothed. The toothed portion of the gear in its rotation is adapted to engage the rack 18 on the carrier and move the latter bodily onward. The shaft 87 is mounted in a sleeve 89, stepped in the base of the casing, the upper portion of the sleeve being provided with the peripheral gear-teeth 90, with which engages a worm 91 on the carrier-shaft 2,whereby the shaft is positively driven at a given rate of speed in relation to that of the shaft last named. Shaft 87 has africtional or conditional connection with the sleeve, so that the sleeve under certain circumstances will turn the shaft and the wheel 88, while at other times the sleeve will turn idly without affecting the shaft. In the present instance the frictional connection is similar in construction to that above described in respect to the shaft 76 and sleeve 7 7-that is to say, on the lower end of the sleeve 89 is a hollow IIO 

